104 standard automated checks

Rate discrepancies

Compare invoice rates to active contract/mod rate card by effective date

Use of expired rates

Detect invoice period after rate expiration or superseded modification

Unauthorized labor categories

Map billed labor categories to authorized categories

Inflated quantities or hours

Compare claimed quantities to contract caps, task order limits, or historical patterns

Duplicate quantities across periods

Detect repeated hours or tasks spanning overlapping billing windows

Billing beyond contract ceiling

Track cumulative billed vs contract ceiling / NTE amount

Improper rounding or unit inflation

Detect systematic rounding up (e.g., daily minimums not allowed by contract)

Bundled pricing masking overcharges

Decompose bundled line items vs authorized pricing structure

Duplicate invoice numbers

Match invoice numbers across payment history

Duplicate line items

Pattern-match line descriptions, amounts, and periods

Rebilling previously rejected items

Compare to prior held/rejected invoices

Split invoices to avoid thresholds

Detect same work split across multiple invoices

Phantom services with no evidence of delivery

Missing acceptance artifacts or verification evidence

Early billing before acceptance

Traverse obligation graph — acceptance node unresolved

Billing before modification effective date

Compare invoice date to mod effective date

Backdated invoices

Detect invoice dates inconsistent with submission or work logs

End-of-fiscal-period timing games

Spike detection and period boundary analysis

Front-loading labor or milestones

Compare delivery curve to contract schedule

Billing outside authorized performance period

Match service dates to contract term

Out-of-scope work billed

Invoice lines fail to map to any authorized billable item

Modifications used as post-hoc justification

Mod signed after work period

Partial scope authorization abuse

Work exceeds modification’s limited authorization

Unauthorized substitutions

Detect replacement of specified deliverables or services

“Assumed approval” billing

No formal acceptance despite informal communications

Missing required attachments

Check invoicing instructions vs attached timesheets, reports, etc.

Invalid acceptance authority

Acceptance not from authorized role

Conditional acceptance ignored

Acceptance with conditions not yet satisfied

Acceptance evidence reused improperly

Same acceptance document reused across invoices

Self-certified acceptance

Vendor-signed acceptance where disallowed

Improper billing method

Compare billing format to contract pricing model (T&M vs FFP)

Unapproved reimbursables

Reimbursables not listed or capped in contract

Incorrect indirect rates or markup

Validate applied rates against contract terms

Unauthorized escalation clauses

Detect applied escalation without supporting clause

Incorrect tax handling

Compare tax treatment to contract terms

SLA credits not applied

Compare SLA breaches to billing

Performance claims without evidence

Missing SLA reports or verification

Overstated uptime or availability

Verification results contradict claim

Billing during service outage

Match outage logs to billing window

Systematic max-billing behavior

Repeated billing at caps or ceilings

Ambiguity exploitation

Repeated “gray area” billing patterns

Chronic late documentation

Pattern of missing artifacts across invoices

Repeated rebilling cycles

High correction frequency

Cross-contract rate drift

Same vendor charging different rates improperly across contracts

Wrong contract or PO referenced

Mismatch between invoice and system metadata

Vendor identity mismatch

Name or ID inconsistency

Improper subcontractor billing

Subcontractor not authorized or approved

Assignment or novation violations

Detect unapproved assignment

Payment without legal authority

No valid contract or modification in force

Conflict with statutory terms

Contract clause vs invoice behavior

Repeated overrides by staff

Override ledger analysis

Payments after termination or suspension

Contract state shows inactive

Split funding violations

Invoice spans incompatible funding sources

Line-item math errors

Recompute qty × unit price vs extended amount

Invoice total mismatch

Sum line items vs stated invoice total

Tax calculation errors

Recalculate tax vs stated rate

Currency or unit mismatch

Detect unit mismatch (hours vs days, USD vs other)

Duplicate tax or fee application

Detect repeated fee or tax lines

Wrong document precedence applied

Apply precedence clause across contract vs SOW vs modification

Superseded clause relied upon

Detect citation to overridden clause

Option period misuse

Detect billing outside exercised option

Incorrect amendment stacking

Validate cumulative effect of multiple modifications

Partial clause enforcement

Vendor applies favorable clause but ignores its constraints

Partial deliverable billed as complete

Compare deliverable definition vs submitted artifact

Milestone slicing

One milestone broken into multiple billings

Premature “substantial completion” claims

Acceptance language mismatch

Placeholder deliverables

Detect generic or recycled artifacts

Deliverables misaligned to invoice period

Date and artifact mismatch

Reclassifying non-billable work

Detect category drift across invoices

Admin or overhead billed as labor

Pattern match descriptions against authorized categories

Travel and expense misuse

Compare to allowable cost clauses

Capital vs operating expense misuse

Compare cost type to contract terms

Acceptance after invoice submission

Timestamp comparison

Retroactive acceptance

Acceptance date after work period

Acceptance under protest ignored

Acceptance language parsing

Blanket acceptance misuse

Same acceptance reused across unrelated items

Overpayment not netted in future invoices

Detect credit absence in subsequent billing

Partial payment misapplied

Reconcile payment history

Credit memos ignored

Match credit memos to invoices

Write-offs disguised as rebilling

Pattern detection across billing history

Vendor debarment or suspension during performance

Compare dates to eligibility lists

Insurance or bond lapse

Check required compliance artifacts

Subcontracting threshold violations

Compare subcontractor billed vs allowed percentage

Unauthorized affiliate billing

Detect entity mismatch